Abstract: A method for acquiring a distance from a moving body to an object located in any direction of the moving body includes steps of: an image processing device (a) instructing a sweep network to project pixels of images, generated by cameras covering all directions of the moving body, onto main virtual geometries and apply 3D concatenation operation thereon to generate an initial 4D cost volume, (b) generating a final main 3D cost volume therefrom through a cost volume computation network, and (c) generating sub inverse distance indices corresponding to inverse values of sub separation distances between a sub reference point and sub virtual geometries, and main inverse distance indices corresponding to inverse values of main separation distances between a main reference point and the main virtual geometries, by using a sub cost volume and the final main 3D cost volume, to thereby acquire the distance to the object.

Abstract: An image-sensing device includes photoelectric elements for receiving incident light. The photoelectric elements are arranged into unit cells, and each of the unit cells includes a first, a second, a third and a fourth photoelectric element. The first, the second, the third and the fourth photoelectric elements in each of the unit cells are formed of pillar structures, and the first, the second, the third and the fourth photoelectric elements are different sizes. The first photoelectric element captures a first image in a first phase, the second photoelectric element captures a second image in a second phase, the third photoelectric element captures a third image in a third phase, and the fourth photoelectric element captures a fourth image in a fourth phase. The first phase, the second phase, the third phase, and the fourth phase are different.

Abstract: An apparatus for manufacturing a hologram includes a holographic optical element on which a first interference pattern of a first signal beam and a first reference beam is recorded and a second interference pattern of a second signal beam modulated by a Fourier lens and a second reference beam is recorded. Also, an apparatus for reconstructing a hologram by using the holographic optical element is provided.

Abstract: A laser designator system using modulated CW laser diodes and a conventional high pixel count image sensor array, such as CCD or CMOS array. These two technologies, diode lasers and imaging sensor arrays are reliable, widely used and inexpensive technologies, as compared with prior art pulsed laser systems. These systems are distinguished from the prior art systems in that they filter the laser signal spatially, by collecting light over a comparatively long period of time from a very few pixels out of the entire field of view of the image sensor array. This is in contrast to the prior art systems where the laser signal is filtered temporarily, over a very short time span, but over a large fraction of the field of view. By spatially filtering the signal outputs of the individual pixels, it becomes possible to subtract the background illumination from the illuminated laser spot.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for producing a beam shaping holographic optical element, which is configured to generate diffracted beams configured to reconstruct an image of a diffusor irrespectively of the point of impact of a pencil of light on the beam shaping holographic optical element, comprising providing a recording element, providing a master element comprising a particular pattern, forming a recording stack comprising the recording element and the master element such that the master element is arranged to the recording element in a closed-copy distance, irradiating at least a part of the recording stack with a reconstruction beam, irradiating at least a part of the recording stack with a reference beam, wherein at least one of the reconstruction beam or reference beam penetrates the master element to record the pattern of the master element onto the recording element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for producing a digital holographic (DH) content, which includes: a 3D image information acquiring unit configured to acquire 3D information on real and virtual objects; a computer-generated hologram (CGH) processing unit configured to generate the digital holographic content by mathematical modeling from the 3D information acquired from the 3D image information acquiring unit; a DH content editing unit configured to edit the generated digital holographic content; a DH image restoring unit configured to visualize the generated digital holographic content in a 3D image; and a digital holographic content process managing unit configured to manage a parameter and a processing time of each functioning unit so as to process each processing process of each of the 3D image information acquiring unit, the computer-generated hologram processing unit, the digital holographic content editing unit, and the digital hologram image restoring unit.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for reproducing holographic images by causing a photo-induced change in the diffractive index of a holographic recording medium. An example device may include a light irradiation unit and a transparent substrate. The light irradiation unit can be configured to transmit a photo-inducing light. Further, the transparent substrate may have a predetermined refractive index and can be configured to include a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The first surface can be configured to receive an incident light, and the second surface can be configured to receive the photo-inducing light. The transparent substrate can be configured to form interference fringe patterns from a photo-induced change in the refractive index of the transparent substrate responsive to the photo-induced light.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices that generate and display a multiple view 3-D holographic image (“image”) of a 3-D real or synthetic scene are presented. A projection system captures visual information of the 3-D scene from various perspectives and generates model data to create a 3-D model of the scene. The model data is converted to holographic data, which is respectively portioned corresponding to the respective perspectives of the scene and used to generate and display respective portions of the image on respective display sections. The display sections can be separate display sections corresponding to the various perspectives, or the display sections can be on a single display that is divided into sections for the various perspectives and a 3-D adapter is employed to facilitate display of the image in the display area, wherein reflector components can be used to reflect the portions of the image to the display area.

Abstract: Methods and systems for generating video from panoramic images using transition trees are provided. According to an embodiment, a method for generating a video from panoramic images may include receiving a transition tree corresponding to a current panoramic image from a server. The method may also include determining a path of the transition tree to a next panoramic image based on a user navigation request. The method may further include requesting and receiving a video chunk from the server for each edge of the determined path of the transition tree. The method may also include displaying the requested video chunks in sequence according to the transition tree. According to another embodiment, a system for generating a video from panoramic images may include a transition tree module and a video display module.

Abstract: A real-time color holographic three-dimensional (3D) display system and method realized by using principles of digital holographic display and a common photographing/projection device array system are provided. For an object O to be displayed, an array of M×N cameras which are anchored to a certain reference point R in a space corresponding to the object O is used to perform spatial spectrum sampling and capturing on any spatial spectrum surface S of the object O with a sampling density being a spatial sampling angle ?mn. Each acquired spatial spectrum view image Imn is projected by a corresponding array of M×N projectors in each spatial spectrum capturing direction to a reference surface PR necessary for restoring 3D information of the original object O.

Abstract: The invention provides a holographic display device that registers an individual through their mobile device to allow that individual user to control and interact with a holographic display presented by the device. The holographic display device is operable to receive from a mobile device information identifying a user of the mobile device. The display device can register a user of the mobile device as a present user of the holographic device, receive an input from the registered user, and present a holographic display that includes content governed by the input.

Abstract: A 3D image processing apparatus includes: L and R graphic decoders which decode coded stream data to generate left-eye and right-eye image data; an image output control unit which outputs the generated image data; and a control unit which, when a decoding error occurs in generating one of the image data, and a successful decode occurs in generating the other of the image data, (i) shifts, by a preset offset, a pixel position of the other of the image data, to generate pseudo image data as the one of the image data, and (ii) outputs the pseudo image data to an image output control unit, wherein the image output control unit outputs the other of the image data and the pseudo image data, when the decoding error occurs in generating the one of the image data and the successful decode occurs in generating the other of the image data.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a digital hologram display device in which the 0th diffraction component is removed for optimizing the reproduction and replay of three-dimensional hologram video data. The present disclosure suggests a digital hologram image display device including a pattern generator generating holography interference patterns; a spatial light modulator receiving the holography interference patterns from the pattern generator and representing the holography interference patterns; a light source positioning at one side of the spatial light modulator and illuminating a reference beam to the spatial light modulator; an optical device controlling the reference beam to be collimated onto the entire surface of the spatial light modulator; and a diffusion sheet disposed between the light source and the spatial light modulator.

Abstract: A mirror assembly adapted for use in a panoramic imaging system for capturing a panoramic image includes a mirror for optically coupling to a fisheye lens having a first field of view, the mirror configured for reflecting an image of a second field of view through the fisheye lens. A housing has a first end and a second end, the mirror being secured proximate to the first end, and the second end having an engagement portion for securing the mirror assembly to the panoramic imaging system. When the mirror assembly is secured to the panoramic imaging system, the mirror is optically coupled to the fisheye lens and a detector for capturing a first portion of the panoramic image and a second portion of the panoramic image, the first portion of the panoramic image having a portion overlapping the second portion of the panoramic image.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to negative refractive index-based holograms that can be electronically controlled and dynamically reconfigured to generate one or more color three-dimensional holographic images. In one aspect, a hologram comprises a phase-control layer having a plurality of phase modulation elements. The phase-modulation elements are configured with a negative effective refractive index and selectively transmit wavelengths associated with one of three primary color wavelength. The hologram also includes an intensity-control layer including a plurality of intensity-control elements. One or more color three-dimensional images can be produced by electronically addressing the phase-modulation elements and intensity-control elements in order to phase shift and control the intensity of light transmitted through the hologram. A method for generating a color holographic image using the hologram is also provided, as is a system for generating a color holographic image.

Abstract: In one implementation, a system includes a multi-core processor and an optical display with a plurality of hogels. Each hogel is configured to radiate light in a plurality of directions, with controllable intensities in each of the plurality of directions. The multi-core processor is coupled to the optical display and configured to control the hogels. The multi-core processor includes at least two cores, an on-chip memory, and a master processor in a single integrated circuit package. The master processor may be a general-purpose on-chip processor, such as a core in the multi-core processor, that is used to coordinated operations of the other cores. Each of the cores is configured to receive hogel data and to generate signals for a corresponding subset of the plurality of hogels.

Abstract: A camera can be associated with each conference participant endpoint. The camera, either frame or video-based, can monitor and detect one or more of gestures, facial recognition, emotions, and movements of the conference participant. Based on the detection of one or more of these triggering events, a correlation to an action corresponding the triggering event can be evoked. For example, if a participant raises their hand, e.g., a triggering event, the system can recognize that this is a request to speak. The participant can then be queued in the system based, for example, relative to other participants' requests. When the other participants have finished speaking, and it is the time for the user who raised their hand to speak, the system can optionally queue the user by modifying the endpoint with which they are associated.

Abstract: To provide an image processing technique for easy initial settings when a video image feature is used as an input interface. This is an image processor having an image combining section for combining a mirrored video image feature that includes an image of an operator as a portion thereof and an object image of an object that is associated with a predetermined event, to generate a combined image, and being adapted to provide production of the combined image on a display device. This image processor has a detection section for detecting the position of an image of an operator included in the mirrored video image feature. The image combining section is adapted to combine the object image and the mirrored video image feature in such a manner that the object image is displayed in a range that an image of a hand of the operator can reach, depending on the position of the image of the operator detected by the detection section.

Abstract: A data modulation method, comparing left eye image data during a (4N+1)-th frame period with previous frame data, selecting a preliminary modulation value for a left eye image, preliminarily modulating the left eye image data during the (4N+1)-th frame period to reach the preliminary modulation value for the left eye image, and secondarily modulating left eye image data during a (4N+2)-th frame period to reach the preliminary modulation value for the left eye image or a modulation value smaller than the preliminary modulation value.

Abstract: Holographic display with which voice and holographic image over internet protocol (VHIOIP) services or communications are provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a dual holography three dimensional display device. The present disclosure suggests thin flat type holography 3D display device comprises: a left-eye display panel for representing a left-eye 3D image; and a right-eye display panel disposed at one side of the left-eye display panel for representing a right-eye 3D image. By combining the left-eye holography display panel with the right-eye holography display panel, it is possible to suggest high quality and high speed processed holography 3D images/video without expensive high speed processing display panel.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to negative refractive index-based holograms that can be electronically controlled and dynamically reconfigured to generate one or more color three-dimensional holographic images. In one aspect, a hologram comprises a phase-control layer having a plurality of phase modulation elements. The phase-modulation elements are configured with a negative effective refractive index and selectively transmit wavelengths associated with one of three primary color wavelength. The hologram also includes an intensity-control layer including a plurality of intensity-control elements. One or more color three-dimensional images can be produced by electronically addressing the phase-modulation elements and intensity-control elements in order to phase shift and control the intensity of light transmitted through the hologram. A method for generating a color holographic image using the hologram is also provided, as is a system for generating a color holographic image.

Abstract: Metadata defining TV video settings is embedded in or otherwise accompanies a video stream. The metadata is executed by the TV to establish the settings, which consequently may be optimized for the particular video stream.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for stereoscopic 3D image projection and viewing using a single projection source, alternating polarization, and passive eyewear. This approach is applicable to frame sequential video created using existing 3D graphics APIs, as well as other video signal formats, and is compatible with existing digital light processor (DLP) technology for both front and rear projection systems. An alternating polarizer filter actuator in the form of a closed feedback loop is used to modulate the projected image. A preferred embodiment enables an existing DLP projection system to be enhanced with 3D capability.

Abstract: A holographic video display employs at least one light source adapted to produce at least one wavelength of monochromatic light, a video signal generator, at least one guided-wave acousto-optic modulator for diffracting light received from the light source according to signals received from the video signal generator, a vertical scanning subsystem, and an optical path between the acousto-optic modulator and the vertical scanning subsystem. The optical path may preferably include a Bravais lens system, at least one Fourier transform lens system, and at least one moving horizontal mirror.

Abstract: A picture signal processing device is provided capable of correcting black level in a display device with minimal memory capacity, by switching the capture region of input picture signals from valid display region to a blanking region at the timing of automatic signal format detection, such as input signal switchover.

Abstract: A video display includes a light signal generator that generates modulated light signals containing video information propagating along an optical guideway. A light-releasing mechanism releases light from the optical guideway in a timed relationship with the modulation of the light signals. A traveling lens propagates in communication with an optical guideway for guiding light released from the optical guideway into selected directions in a timed relationship with a modulation of the light signals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a table type bi-directional imaging apparatus, in which left and right viewers located at left and right sides simultaneously view the same picture or different pictures. The table type bi-directional imaging apparatus includes a table case having a table shape; a transparent window formed through the center of the upper surface of the table case; and left and right projectors and left and right imaging plates, having a screen structure, bilaterally symmetrically installed at left and right sides of the inside of the table case. In the table type bi-directional imaging apparatus, left and right projection distances to project pictures on large-sized screens and left and right viewing distances to view clear pictures are provided within an occupation area of a single table. Further, the imaging apparatus has a table structure, and thus does not require the occupation area of a separate table, thereby minimizing an area for installing the imaging apparatus.

Abstract: A real-time color holographic three-dimensional (3D) display system and method realized by using principles of digital holographic display and a common photographing/projection device array system are provided. For an object O to be displayed, an array of M×N cameras which are anchored to a certain reference point R in a space corresponding to the object O is used to perform spatial spectrum sampling and capturing on any spatial spectrum surface S of the object O with a sampling density being a spatial sampling angle ?mn. Each acquired spatial spectrum view image Imn is projected by a corresponding array of M×N projectors in each spatial spectrum capturing direction to a reference surface PR necessary for restoring 3D information of the original object O.

Abstract: To provide an image processing technique for easy initial settings when a video image feature is used as an input interface. This is an image processor having an image combining section 106 for combining a mirrored video image feature that includes an image of an operator as a portion thereof and an object image of an object that is associated with a predetermined event, to generate a combined image, and being adapted to provide production of the combined image on a display device. This image processor has a detection section 109 for detecting the position of an image of an operator included in the mirrored video image feature. The image combining section 106 is adapted to combine the object image and the mirrored video image feature in such a manner that the object image is displayed in a range that an image of a hand of the operator can reach, depending on the position of the image of the operator detected by the detection section 109.

Abstract: A projection optical system including a projection lens, a first mirror that reflects a light from the projection lens, and a second mirror that widens an angle of a light from the first mirror by reflecting the light projects a light modulated according to an image signal from an optical engine unit. A third mirror reflects a light from the projection optical system. A screen transmits a light from the third mirror. An optical axis of the projection lens substantially matches an optical axis of the second mirror, and the light from the optical engine unit is shifted to a specific side from the optical axis of the projection lens.

Abstract: A system and method for displaying images in three dimensions. The system may include a dual axis four lens system, four LCD switching elements, a pair of LCD switched dual filtered dichroic mirrors, and a pair of half silvered dichroic color filter elements, and two charge coupled device pickups. The system may process light through a number of axis to produce optical disparity for presenting three dimensional video.

Abstract: An image display apparatus 100 that displays an image using a light modulated according to an image signal includes a projection optical system 90 that includes a projection lens 20, a first mirror 30 that reflects a light from the projection lens 20, and a second mirror 40 that widens an angle of a light from the first mirror 30 by reflecting the light, and projects the light modulated according to the image signal from an optical engine unit 10; a third mirror 50 that reflects a light from the projection optical system 90; and a screen 50 that transmits a light from the third mirror 50. The projection lens 20 and the second mirror 40 are arranged in such a manner that an optical axis of the projection lens 20 substantially matches an optical axis of the second mirror 40, and shift the light from the optical engine unit 10 to a specific side from the optical axis of the projection lens 20.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for rendering and generating color video holograms for a holographic reproduction device having at least one light modulation means, wherein a scene divided into object points is encoded as a whole hologram and which can be seen from as a reconstruction a visibility region, which is located within a periodicity interval of the reconstruction of the video hologram. The visibility region defines a subhologram together with each object point of the scene to be reconstructed and the whole hologram is formed from a superposition of subholograms, wherein a 3D rendering graphic pipeline structures a scene represented by image data with depth information into object points and determines and provides at least color and depth information for the object points.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present invention, an apparatus for optically combining light beams is disclosed. The apparatus includes a set of prism shaped doorways configured to receive output beams from at least one optical device. Each of the plurality of doorways has a common refractive index. The apparatus also includes a set of spherical mirrors disposed substantially parallel to the plurality of doorways. Each mirror is associated with one of the plurality of doorways. The apparatus further includes a boundary layer disposed between the set of doorways and the set of mirrors. The boundary layer has a refractive index greater than the common refractive index of the plurality of doorways. The common refractive index of the set of doorways and the refractive index of the boundary layer are configured to change the angle of each of the received output beams to combine the set of received output beams into a single output beam.

Abstract: A holographic imaging system and method includes a radiation source for generating radiation. A data base has a set of elements, each element is indicative of a trajectory of a light ray exiting a point in a recorded scene. A spatial light modulator is receptive of the radiation from the radiation source and the elements of the data base mapped to the spatial light modulator, thereby projecting from the spatial light modulator an optical signal in the nature of a two dimensional bitmap of the recorded scene. A diffractive optical element includes a set of basis fringes receptive of the projected optical signal from the spatial light modulator for diffracting the optical signal in a specified direction. A multiplexer is receptive of the elements of the data base for multiplexing the elements of the data base to the spatial light modulator. A timing device synchronizes multiplexing the elements of the data base to the spatial light modulator and diffracting the optical signal in a specified direction.

Abstract: A flat-panel projection display comprises a transparent slab and integral area grating, a transparent rod with rectangular cross-section and integral linear grating, arranged along the edge of the slab, and a small video projector. The projector is arranged to direct a virtual image into the end of the rod, directly or via mirrors, the light travelling along the rod via total internal reflection. The linear grating diverts the light into the plane of the slab, and the area grating projects it out of the slab towards a viewer, so that the viewer sees an image at infinity.

Abstract: A projection television receiver having red, green and blue image projectors for respective images of different colors and a high gain projection screen formed by at least one hologram disposed on a substrate superimposed on at least one light transmissive panel. The high gain holographic screen provides increased horizontal viewing performance over lenticular (e.g., fresnel) screens without reliance on screens having wide horizontal half viewing angles.

Abstract: A remote viewing system for simulating the views from a window includes a camera assembly and a remote viewing assembly. The camera assembly obtains views of a site and transmits the views to the remote viewing assembly. The viewing assembly then displays the views to simulate the various perspectives which can be obtained from looking out of a window, such as looking up and down out of the window.

Abstract: A projection television is provided comprising at least three image projectors for projecting respective images of different colors onto a holographic projection screen. One of the projectors has a first, shortest optical path disposed in a substantially orthogonal orientation with the holographic projection screen and at least two of the projectors are disposed in adjacent, stepped-relation to one another and have respective optical paths that are (i) selectively defined by the stepped-relation of the projectors; and (ii) converge toward the first optical path in a non-orthogonal orientation so as to define angles of incidence corresponding to a lowest level chromatic aberration of the images by the holographic projection screen. The projection screen is formed by a three dimensional hologram representing a three dimensional array of lenticular elements disposed on a substrate.

Abstract: Described herein is an apparatus for producing three-dimensional staic or moving images. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes an image generator and an optical device. The image generator generates a plurality of image elements including first and second image elements. In one embodiment the image elements constitute coherent beams of light encoded with image information, wherein the coherent beams of light are sequentially generated by one or more laser scanners of the image generator. The optical device receives the plurality of image elements on a first planar surface thereof and, in response, produces first output light rays and second output rays corresponding to the first and second image elements, respectively. The first and second output light rays, when seen by an observer, appear to originate from first and second common points, respectively. The first and second common points are spaced from each other and from the first planar surface.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is disclosed for illuminating an image display with ambient light using holographic techniques. The apparatus includes a pair of holographic optical elements each having a first surface aligned on a common axis so that the first surfaces of each optical element face each other. Each of the first and second optical elements diffracts first bandwidth light. The second holographic optical element, however, diffracts first bandwidth light received on the first surface facing the first surface of the first holographic optical element. The second holographic optical element diffracts first bandwidth light received on its first surface, the diffracted light emerging from the first surface. The first and second holographic optical elements are switchable between inactive and active states. In the inactive state, each of the first and second holographic optical elements transmits substantially all light without substantial alteration.

Abstract: The device includes a) flat mirror (7) formed by adjacent areas (5i, 6i) that are alternately transparent and reflecting with parallel and straight lines of demarcation, b) identical first (4) and second (4′) reflection holograms, each delivering at least one diffracted beam with a predetermined spectral composition, c) illuminating source (1) for illuminating said holograms (4, 4′) at normal incidence by the intermediary of said mirror (7), said holograms (4, 4′) being arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane of said mirror (7) in such a way as to be illuminated by the intermediary of transparent (6i) and reflecting (5i) strips, respectively, of mirror (7), and in such a way that the beams diffracted by the first and second holograms are reflected and transmitted, respectively, by reflecting (5i) and transparent (6i) strips, respectively, of mirror (7), in order to be combined into a continuous light beam with said spectral composition.

Abstract: A video image viewing device includes first and second glass plates having a layer of liquid crystal therebetween. A plurality of laser diodes extending along a line near one edge of the first plate are selectively illuminated at an intensity corresponding to the amplitude of a video signal during each of a plurality of video lines. The light propagates through the first plate via total internal reflection not entering the liquid crystal layer until it reaches an area where the refractive index of the liquid crystal is selectively modified. The refractive index may be modified by selectively energizing each of a plurality of horizontal strip electrodes vertically spaced from each other. The electrodes are sequentially energized to frustrate the total internal refraction and thereby cause the light to be transmitted through the liquid crystal layer into the second plate at a location corresponding to the location of video line in a video frame of the video signal.

Abstract: A color system determination circuit for use with an input video signal having a frequency component is disclosed. The circuit includes a color trap filter for attenuating the frequency component in the input video signal with the color trap filter providing a color burst output signal, a comparator for comparing the color burst output signal of the color trap filter and the frequency component of the input video signal, a maximum value detector which receives the color burst output signal of the color trap filter and a color burst sampling signal and detects a maximum value of the color burst output signal of the color trap filter during a period of the color burst sampling signal, and another maximum value detector which receives the video signal and the color burst sampling signal and detects a maximum value of the video signal during the period of the color burst sampling signal.

Abstract: A lens cover for a digital camera provides a diffused light source for calibration purposes which approximates a flat field light source. In this way, digital cameras may be calibrated in the field under user control. The diffuser may be in the form of a light transmissive hologram. The hologram may have formed thereon a plurality of light diffusing shapes. The camera may be calibrated either by itself or advantageously when connected to a host computer. The user may be prompted through the calibration sequence.

Abstract: A projection television comprises a projection screen formed by a three dimensional hologram disposed on a film substrate. A projection tube has an optical path in a substantially orthogonal orientation with the screen and two other projection tubes have respective optical paths converging toward the first optical path at angles of incidence .alpha.. The hologram has a configuration effective for reducing color shift in the displayed images. The screen has a color shift less than or equal to approximately 5 for all angles .alpha., where 0.degree.<.alpha..ltoreq.30.degree., as determined by the maximum value obtained from at least one of the following expressions: ##EQU1## where .theta. is any angle within a range horizontal viewing angles, C(.theta.) is the color shift at angle .theta., red(.theta.) is the red luminance level at angle .theta., blue(.theta.) is the blue luminance level at angle .theta. and green(.theta.) is the green luminance level at angle .theta..

Abstract: A video image viewing device includes first and second glass plates having a layer of liquid crystal therebetween. A plurality of laser diodes extending along a line near one edge of the first plate are selectively illuminated at an intensity corresponding to the amplitude of a video signal during each of a plurality of video lines. The light propagates through the first plate via total internal reflection not entering the liquid crystal layer until it reaches an area where the refractive index of the liquid crystal is selectively modified. The refractive index may be modified by selectively energizing each of a plurality of horizontal strip electrodes vertically spaced from each other. The electrodes are sequentially energized to frustrate the total internal refraction and thereby cause the light to be transmitted through the liquid crystal layer into the second plate at a location corresponding to the location of video line in a video frame of the video signal.

Abstract: An image display to display a 2-dimensional image and a beam deflector to deflect the lights from the pixels constructing the image of the image display are provided. The beam deflector is arranged closely in front of the image display. A plurality of 2-dimensional images of different visual directions are sequentially displayed in the image display. The light from each pixel is deflected by the beam deflector synchronously with the display of the 2-dimensional image so that the light from each pixel is directed to the region in which the visual point has been set in order to obtain each image. The switching operation in this instance is executed at a high speed.

Abstract: A method of using a display system having a spatial light modulator (14) to display holographic images. The spatial light modulator (14) generates images that represent vertical strips of a hologram. These images are de-magnified by a three-dimensional optics unit (18), in the horizontal direction so as to form image strips. A scanning mirror (45) scans the image strips in a series across an image plane at a rate sufficiently fast that the viewer perceives a composite hologram comprised of these image strips.