Abstract: A safety system is provided for a vehicular fuel line installation which includes a fuel tank, an engine and delivery and return lines extending between the tank and the engine. A pump is operatively associated with the delivery line to feed fuel from the tank to the engine. Safety valves are provided in the delivery line at the pump and at the engine as well as in the return line at the tank and at the engine. A fuel filter is disposed in the delivery line and flexible hose sections may be disposed in the delivery line and/or the return line, and safety valves are disposed at opposite ends of the fuel filter and the flexible hose sections.

Abstract: A fuel injection control strategy and system for engines for maintaining good performance under normal running conditions and also for providing cylinder engine speed slow-down under abnormal conditions without necessitating cylinder skipping except in extreme cases. This control is obtained primarily by retarding injection timing and/or reducing injection duration. Adjustment in spark timing may also be incorporated along with this routine.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for checking the operability of a tank-venting system of a motor vehicle. The tank-venting system includes a tank, an adsorption filter and a tank-venting valve. The adsorption filter has a venting line and is connected to the tank via a connecting line. The tank-venting valve is connected to the adsorption filter via a valve line. In the method, a pressure source introduces a pressure into the tank-venting system which is an overpressure compared to atmospheric pressure and the pressure source has at least one operating variable. A first time-dependent trace of the one variable is provided and this trace is characteristic for a diagnostic trace undisturbed by a tanking operation. A second time-dependent trace of the one variable is detected during standstill of the vehicle and is compared to the first time-dependent trace. An output of a fault announcement is inhibited when the second time-dependent trace deviates from the first time-dependent trace by a pregiven value.

Abstract: A method is provided for controlling an evaporative emission control system for a motor vehicle. The method includes the steps of periodically measuring a system pressure within the evaporative emission control system and filtering a signal of the system pressure into two separate signals. The method also includes the steps of calculating a pressure difference between the signals and comparing the pressure difference to a predetermined pressure differential threshold limits. The method further includes the steps of adjusting the flow of purged vapor to engine in the event that the calculated pressure difference is outside the predetermined pressure differential threshold limits.

Abstract: A method for operating a fuel injection system, and a fuel injection system for performing the method, in which the fuel is delivered at high pressure to a high-pressure fuel reservoir, whose pressure is controlled by a pressure control valve. By detecting the fuel quantities delivered to the high-pressure fuel reservoir and withdrawn in order to regulate the fuel pressure, including any control quantities that may occur, for the fuel injection system, a balance for the fuel quantities can now be prepared. This balance, is performed by a control unit which can now be used in order to compare the desired, set-point injection quantity with the actually injected or unintentionally escaping fuel quantity, and if these quantities differ significantly, to make an intervention into the operation of the fuel injection system or to trip a signal device.

Abstract: A device for adjusting a valve stroke course of a gas exchange valve includes a first camshaft which is coupled mechanically to a crankshaft, a second camshaft which is coupled mechanically to the first camshaft, an actuating drive which sets the phase of the second camshaft relative to the first camshaft and a transmission member which transmits the stroke of the camshafts to the gas exchange valve. An apparatus and a method for controlling the device have an actuating drive sensor which detects the angle of rotation of a drive shaft of the actuating drive. Furthermore, the apparatus has a determination unit which determines a quantity characterizing the valve stroke course as a function of the angle of rotation.

Abstract: With a fuel vapor treatment unit where fuel vapor of an internal combustion engine which has been temporarily adsorbed into an adsorption device is drawn into an engine intake system under predetermined engine operating conditions, a judgment level is set based on a drive current of an electric pump for when air is pumped by the electric pump via a reference orifice having a reference aperture diameter, and the presence of fuel vapor leakage is diagnosed by comparing a drive current of the electric pump for when air is pumped by the electric pump bypassing the reference orifice and into piping to be leak diagnosed of the fuel vapor treatment unit, with the set judgment level. Moreover, the drive current of the electric pump for when air is pumped via the reference orifice is compared with a reference level, and when the drive current deviates from the reference level, the leakage diagnosis is stopped.

Abstract: The throttle valve controller 1 includes a failure detecting device 11 for detecting failures in the first and second accelerator sensors 2 and 3 based on the first input signal VAPS1 outputted from the first accelerator sensor 2 and the second input signal VAPS2 outputted from the second accelerator sensor 3. A control signal computing device 12 computes a first control signal T1 from the first and second input signals in response to the result of detection by the failure detecting device 11. A control signal correcting device effects primary delay processing on the first control signal T1, thereafter restricting the so-processed signal to a guard value or less and outputs the signal therefrom as a second control signal VAPS. A throttle control device 14 controls the degree of opening of the throttle valve 9 based on the second control signal VAPS.

Abstract: A unit for supplying fuel to an endothermal engine, the unit comprising a manifold to which injectors are connected in order to supply fuel to the engine, a high pressure pumping device which has its output connected to the manifold and its intake connected to an extraction pump adapted to transfer fuel from the storage tank to this device and a pressure regulator adapted to regulate the pressure of the fuel supplied to the pumping device by supplying surplus fuel along a bleed duct communicating with the tank, the pumping device having at least one piston moving axially within a respective cylinder in order to define a variable volume pumping chamber.

Abstract: A device for diagnosis of a tank ventilation system of a vehicle, including a tank, an adsorption filter that communicates with the tank by way of a tank connection line and has a ventilation line, a tank ventilation valve that communicates with the adsorption filter by way of a valve line, and an on-board pressure source, by means of which the tank ventilation system can be acted upon with a pressure. A shut-off device is provided that only opens when the tank ventilation system is acted on with pressure by means of the on-board pressure source and closes when the tank ventilation system is acted on with pressure by means of a pressure source connected externally for the purpose of functionality testing.

Abstract: A safety fuel tank and filler cap apparatus is disclosed for use with a powered implement such as a lawnmower, tiller, weed trimmer or the like. The apparatus includes switch members mounted on the fuel cap and tank that disallow engine operation when the filler cap is separated from the tank such as during refueling.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method for checking the operability of a tank-venting system. The tank-venting system includes a tank, an adsorption filter having a tank-venting line, a connecting line for connecting the adsorption filter to the tank, a tank-venting valve and a valve line connecting the adsorption filter to the tank-venting valve. A pressure source is provided for introducing a pressure into the tank-venting system, an operating characteristic variable of the pressure source is detected only over a pregiven time interval (.DELTA.t.sub.m) when introducing the pressure to obtain a time-dependent trace of the operating characteristic variable. The time-dependent trace is extrapolated and a conclusion is drawn as to the presence of a leak therefrom.

Abstract: There is disclosed a leakage diagnosis of an evaporative system in an internal combustion engine, and more particularly there is disclosed an evaporative system in which a more accurate leakage diagnosis can be effected using a change in the pressure in the evaporative system, and such a diagnosis method is also disclosed. The evaporative system includes a gauge line having a gauge valve, which gauge line branches off from an evaporative gas line or an evaporative gas purge line, and communicates with a point upstream of an engine throttle valve or with the ambient atmosphere, a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure in the evaporative system, and a purge valve. A leakage diagnosis of this system is effected based on detected values of the pressure sensor obtained by opening and closing the purge valve and the gauge valve. Therefore, accurate results of the diagnosis can be obtained.

Abstract: A blow-by gas passage abnormality detecting system for an internal combustion engine detects, only under the condition that the running state of the engine is idle, a leakage of a blow-by gas coming from a blow-by gas passage for returning the blow-by gas produced in the engine to an intake passage, on the basis of a parameter varying with a change in the air flow to be sucked into the engine. The abnormality such as leakage or clogging in the blow-by gas passage is detected if the ISC opening of an idle speed control valve measured as a load amount at an idle time of the engine is smaller than a predetermined value. Alternatively, the abnormality may be detected by detecting the blow-by gas pressure in the blow-by gas passage downstream of a PCV valve by a gas pressure sensor.

Abstract: A system for monitoring the exhaust gas hydrocarbon content of an internal combustion engine includes at least one sensing device for detecting whether expected combustion conditions occur within the combustion chambers and responsively producing signals indicative of whether the expected combustion conditions occur. An electronic controller is connected to the at least one sensing device for receiving signals therefrom, the electronic controller being operable to determine an estimated exhaust gas hydrocarbon content based upon the signals received from the at least one sensing device. In particular, an engine misfire rate may be determined by the electronic controller and the estimated exhaust gas hydrocarbon content may then be determined as a function of at least the determined engine misfire rate.

Abstract: The method includes the steps of sensing position of the crankshaft during a number of engine cycles and generating a frequency signal in response thereto and sensing position of the crankshaft during a number of engine cycles and generating a crankshaft frequency signal in response thereto and calculating a crankshaft speed and a crankshaft acceleration based on the frequency signal. The method further includes the step of and calculating a future piston position based on the crankshaft speed and the crankshaft acceleration. The method still further includes the steps of calculating a future engine valve position and comparing the future piston position to the future engine valve position to determine if the future engine valve position interferes with the future piston position. The method yet further includes the step of locating the engine valve in the closed position in response to determining that the future engine valve position interferes with the future piston position.

Abstract: A delivery device for fuel to an internal combustion engine, which includes a fuel reservoir. After the engine is shut off or in the event of an accident, there is the danger that the pressurized fuel present in the fuel reservoir will escape from the delivery device. A blocking device is provided on the fuel reservoir, which after the engine is shut off or after an accident, the blocking device engages with an actuation rod that is provided with detent teeth, by means of an electromagnetically actuated locking pin and thus prevents a force impingement of a compression spring on the movable wall of the fuel reservoir. By use of the blocking devices the pressure in the fuel line is completely reduced even after the escape of small fuel quantities. The delivery device is suited for mixture-compressing internal combustion engines with externally supplied ignition.

Abstract: To control the air-fuel ratio of an internal combustion engine without variations and thus suppress deterioration of the exhaust gas, a canister for adsorbing evaporated fuel is connected to a fuel tank. A release passage connects the canister to an intake tube for an internal combustion engine. A purge duty cycle flow rate control valve is installed in this release passage. An ECU provides feedback control of the air-fuel ratio according to the oxygen concentration in exhaust gas, controls the idle speed via an ISC valve, and controls purge by the purge duty cycle vacuum switching valve. As the purge is carried out, evaporated gas is released from the canister and purged. The ECU makes a decision, in a non-purging mode, as to whether the amount of the purged gas reaches a purge limit that is a critical value tolerated at each instant of time. If the result is that the purge limit will be reached, the execution of the purge is inhibited.

Abstract: The invention relates to an internal combustion engine, in particular a one cylinder diesel engine, with a fuel injection system. The engine is provided with a mechanical control device comprising an actuator and a control element for automatic interruption of the fuel supply in case of a lack of lubricating oil. The control circuit actuator is equipped with a vacuum advance (15) with a membrane (12) for the pressurization of a closing tappet (10), in which a pressure chamber, formed by the membrane (12) and the vacuum advance (15), is open to the atmosphere. In addition, the control conduit (18) is equipped with a connection (20) on the side of the oil circuit and a connection (22) on the side of the crankcase, in order to produce a depression the control unit.

Abstract: A valve timing control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a variable valve timing control mechanism of a hydraulic type which is provided in a drive force transmission arrangement for transmitting a drive force from a driving shaft to a driven shaft for actuating one of an engine-cylinder inlet valve and an engine-cylinder outlet valve, and which can relatively rotate one of the driving shaft and the driven shaft in a predetermined angular range. A detecting device operates for detecting a condition in which air enters hydraulic working fluid in the variable valve timing control mechanism. A trouble diagnosis device operates for implementing a trouble diagnosis on the variable valve timing control mechanism. An inhibiting device operates for inhibiting the trouble diagnosis implemented by the trouble diagnosis device when the detecting device detects the condition in which air enters hydraulic working fluid in the variable valve timing control mechanism.

Abstract: A method for operating a self-igniting, air-compressing internal combustion engine, in which the engine is supplied with fuel by an injection system that has a high-pressure fuel reservoir, which is supplied with fuel by a high-pressure fuel pump and outputs fuel to electrically controlled injection valves. A control unit is provided, which detects the operating mode of the engine and upon occurrence of an overrunning mode allows a pressure increase in the high-pressure fuel reservoir. On resumption of normal operation, the drive of the high-pressure fuel pump is then interrupted, and the engine is supplied from the fuel previously stored at elevated pressure, until a lower limit value of the high pressure fuel is attained.

Abstract: A fuel injection system for internal combustion engines in which a high pressure fuel reservoir is provided, from which fuel is supplied to injection valves in an electrically controlled manner. In order to reduce damage which occurs when there are leaks from the high pressure reservoir, the high pressure reservoir is enclosed by a sheath that can capture the emerging leakage fuel.

Abstract: A fuel system includes a pair of electronically controllable high pressure fuel pumps operable to supply high pressure fuel from a lower pressure fuel source to a high pressure fuel collection chamber having a pressure sensor associated therewith. The fuel collection chamber feeds an electronically controllable valve operable to dispense the high pressure fuel to a fuel distribution unit supplying fuel to a number of fuel injectors. A control computer is provided for controlling the high pressure fuel pump and valve in response to requested fueling, engine speed and fuel pressure provided by the pressure sensor. The accumulator pressure profile is processed in accordance with various techniques forming part of the present invention for diagnosing pressure sensor in-range failures, fuel pump injector valve blow shut failures and failure of one of the fuel pumps.

Abstract: A safety system for a motor vehicle having an internal-combustion engine. Independent quantities are used for the engine control and for the monitoring of the engine control. Control of the internal-combustion engine is performed, for example, by way of an operating parameter characterizing the engine load. Preferably, monitoring of the engine control is integrated into a traction control system, in which case the desired value for a quantity characterizing the vehicle propulsion, such as the output torque, is transmitted by the engine control to the monitoring system, while the actual output torque is determined in the traction control system from the rotational wheel speed. If a fault is recognized in the traction control system during the continuous comparison of desired values and actual values, a signal is transmitted back to the engine control unit, to influence the engine control.

Abstract: A fuel system includes a pair of electronically controllable high pressure fuel pumps operable to supply high pressure fuel from a lower pressure fuel source to a high pressure fuel accumulator having a pressure sensor associated therewith. The fuel collection chamber feeds an electronically controllable valve operable to dispense the high pressure fuel to a fuel distribution unit supplying fuel to a number of fuel injectors. A control computer is provided for controlling the high pressure fuel pump and valve in response to requested fueling, engine speed and fuel pressure provided by the pressure sensor. The accumulator pressure signal is processed in accordance with the present invention for diagnosing erratic pressure sensor failures. The control computer is operable to compute error pressure values based on differences between peak accumulator pressure values and a target pressure value, and compute pressure error variance values based on subsets of the pressure error values.

Abstract: A locomotive cooling system including a conduit adapted to conduct therethrough a flow of coolant; a power source providing a nominal voltage; and a valve assembly including a valve body defining a drain passage communicable with the conduit, a plunger movable between a closed position in which the conduit and the drain passage are separated and an open position in which the conduit and the drain passage are in fluid communication. A control assembly moves the plunger between the closed position and the open position. The control assembly, including a temperature sensor for detecting the coolant temperature, and connected to the power source. The control assembly opening the valve assembly when the system is either at a first threshold coolant temperature when the power source voltage is nominal or a second threshold coolant temperature when the power source voltage is low.

Abstract: A valve timing control apparatus for an internal combustion engine includes a variable valve timing control mechanism of a hydraulic type which is provided in a drive force transmission arrangement for transmitting a drive force from a driving shaft to a driven shaft for actuating one of an engine-cylinder inlet valve and an engine-cylinder outlet valve, and which can relatively rotate one of the driving shaft and the driven shaft in a predetermined angular range. A detecting device operates for detecting a condition in which air enters hydraulic working fluid in the variable valve timing control mechanism. A trouble diagnosis device operates for implementing a trouble diagnosis on the variable valve timing control mechanism. An inhibiting device operates for inhibiting the trouble diagnosis implemented by the trouble diagnosis device when the detecting device detects the condition in which air enters hydraulic working fluid in the variable valve timing control mechanism.

Abstract: A vehicle immobilization system has an electronically controlled locking mechanism which requires interconnection with an electrical supply for it to be switched between a locked state and an unlocked state. The locking mechanism remains in the state to which it is switched when disconnected from the electrical supply. The immobilization system includes control means which operates to connect the locking mechanism to the electrical supply to switch it from one state to the other, and to disconnect the locking mechanism from the electrical supply when the vehicle engine is running or the vehicle is moving. The immobilization system also includes means to prevent cranking of the engine when the locking mechanism is in it's locked state.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a control for an engine of a watercraft. The watercraft is preferably of the personal variety, and includes a water propulsion device which is driven by an output shaft of the engine. The engine has at least one combustion chamber, an intake system providing air to the combustion chamber, a fuel system providing fuel to the combustion chamber for combustion therein, and an ignition system including at least one ignition element associated with the combustion chamber. The watercraft engine control is of the type which does not include a main switch, but is arranged to turn on electrical systems of the engine when the engine is started and shut them off when the engine is stopped. The control includes a lanyard switch having first and second positions. In a first position the lanyard switch permits power to flow to the ignition element and the electrically-powered engine features, such as a fuel delivery mechanism.

Abstract: In a leak test system for a vaporized fuel treatment device of a vehicle using negative pressure, a pressure variation rate in a test flowpath is measured in a predetermined time interval, and a reference value which is larger than the minimum variation rate measured is set in a predetermined time interval. Sloshing in a fuel tank is determined by comparing a latest variation rate with the reference value on each occasion. In this way, sloshing can be detected with high precision at any stage of leak testing, and the leak test is stopped when sloshing is detected.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method of checking a pressure sensor of a fuel supply system of an internal combustion engine such as an engine for a motor vehicle. The fuel supply system includes a pressure store to which fuel is supplied and a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure in the pressure store. Fuel is supplied from the pressure store to a combustion in the engine and the pressure in the pressure store is changed. The behavior of the combustion of the fuel is detected and a conclusion is drawn as to the operability of the pressure sensor from the detected behavior of the combustion.

Abstract: A method for recognizing oil top-up quantities is provided. The method records a multiplicity of oil levels under specific operating conditions over time; calculates an oil-mass average value X.sub.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine is provided with a first pedal position sensor and a second pedal position sensor measuring the position of an accelerator pedal. An emergency running mode of the internal combustion engine is actuated if a failure of either the first or the second pedal position sensor is detected. In the emergency running mode, a rise in the rotational speed or in the travel speed within a prescribed time interval is limited to a prescribed rise value.

Abstract: A process and device are provided to supply the air mass flux required to regenerate the adsorption material of an adsorption filter in the fuel tank venting system of an internal combustion engine while the engine is running and independently of a depression in the air intake pipe of the engine. For this purpose, atmospheric air is fed at least partially and temporarily by an air pump through the adsorption filter to the air intake pipe of the internal combustion engine while the engine is running. The air pump integrated in the device makes it possible to obtain a module which is easy to produce and to handle and which contains all units of the venting system.

Abstract: An engine speed restriction system for an internal combustion engine having at least two combustion chambers, an ignition system including an ignition element corresponding to said combustion chamber, and an engine speed sensor is disclosed.

Abstract: An on-board evaporative emission leak detection system has a module for detecting leakage from an evaporative emission space of a fuel system of an automotive vehicle. Interior space of the module's enclosure is communicated to atmosphere. A pump is disposed within space and has an inlet communicated to the interior space and a flow passage at its outlet to allow the pump to create pressure in the evaporative emission space suitable for performance of a leak test. A vent valve is disposed within space and is selectively operable to vent and not vent the flow passage to space. An electromagnet actuator has a single electric coil that operates both the pump and the vent valve by cantilever-mounted armatures responsive to electric control current in the coil having a first current component for controlling the pump and a second current component for controlling the vent valve.

Abstract: A system and method for an engine-powered automotive vehicle evaporative emission control system having an evaporative emission space for containing volatile fuel vapors, and a leak detection system for detecting leakage from the evaporative emission space. At the beginning of a test, an initial test pressure that differs sufficiently from atmospheric pressure to allow a leak to be detected is created in the evaporative emission space. After attainment of the initial test pressure in the evaporative emission space, the initial test pressure is restored whenever the pressure changes by a predetermined amount due to a leak. The test includes measuring at least one of: a time interval required for pressure in the evaporative emission space to change from the initial test pressure by the predetermined amount; and b) a time interval required to restore the initial test pressure in the evaporative emission space.

Abstract: A malfunction diagnosis apparatus for an evaporated fuel purge system comprises an evaporated fuel processing unit, an air valve arranged between a canister and the atmosphere wherein, when the air valve is open, the canister communicates with the atmosphere and, when the air valve is closed, the canister is sealed from the atmosphere, means for setting, based on an engine operating condition, a time required to lower a pressure within a least a portion of the evaporated fuel processing unit to a predetermined negative value, means for detecting an atmospheric pressure and means for changing the introduction time of the negative pressure in accordance with the atmospheric pressure.

Abstract: A vehicle security system attached to a power source for controlling a vehicle ignition. The vehicle security system includes first and second normally closed switches connected in series along a first power line between the power supply and a distributor of the vehicle. The first switch is positioned within a cabin of the vehicle and the second switch is positioned with a trunk of the vehicle. A third normally open switch is connected along a second power line between the power supply and a trunk lock of the vehicle and positioned within the trunk of the vehicle. The first and second switches are operable between a first closed position connecting the power source to the distributor allowing the vehicle to be started and a second open position disconnecting the power source from the distributor and preventing the vehicle from starting.

Abstract: A fuel system includes an electronically controllable high pressure fuel pump operable to supply high pressure fuel from a lower pressure fuel source to a high pressure fuel collection chamber having a pressure sensor associated therewith. The fuel collection chamber feeds an electronically controllable valve operable to dispense the high pressure fuel to a fuel distribution unit supplying fuel to a number of fuel injectors. A control computer is provided for controlling the high pressure fuel pump and valve in response to requested fueling, engine speed and fuel pressure provided by the pressure sensor. The control computer is normally operable to drive the fuel pump as a function of fuel pressure and a reference pressure, which is based on requested fueling, and to control the valve as a function of commanded fueling, which is a function of engine speed and a reference speed based on requested fueling, and fuel pressure.

Abstract: An engine feedback control for an internal combustion engine having at least two combustion chambers is disclosed. When a sensor detects a high engine temperature condition of the engine, the feedback control changes the air/fuel ratio of the air and fuel supplied to each combustion chamber in a manner which prevents operation of any combustion chamber in a disabling range.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine having at least one variable volume combustion chamber with an intake passage leading thereto, an ignition element for igniting an air/fuel mixture in the chamber, an exhaust passage leading therefrom and including a catalyst in communication therewith, and an emission control for controlling the emission content is disclosed. Preferably, the emission control comprises a mechanism for closing the intake passage leading to the chamber in the event an engine abnormality is detected and an engine ignition misfire mode is employed, thereby preventing the emission of unburned air and fuel into the exhaust passage leading to the catalyst.

Abstract: An evaporative emission control system for an internal combustion engine includes an evaporative fuel passage extending between the intake system and the fuel tank of the engine. A control valve is arranged across the evaporative fuel passage, for opening and closing the evaporative fuel passage. The opening of the control valve is controlled such that the interior of the fuel tank is under negative pressure during operation and stoppage of the engine.

Abstract: In a fuel vapor processor for use with an engine provided with a fuel tank comprising a filler tube which fits on a fuel nozzle for refueling, the presence of leaks of fuel vapor is diagnosed according to a variation of a test pressure has been introduced into a purge passage. If refueling of the fuel tank is being performed during the leak diagnosis, an escape vent for air in the fuel tank is provided by connecting the canister to the atmosphere so that smooth refueling is performed.

Abstract: An evaporative fuel controller for an internal combustion engine to prevent blow-off of fuel and/or outflow of emissions immediately after fuel is fed into a fuel tank, and to prevent a large quantity of evaporative fuel from flowing into a canister during engine operation.

Abstract: An engine management system comprising engine control unit (17) which receives throttle position signals from at least two throttle position sensors (15); compares the signals; selects a preferred signal in response to a discrepancy between the signals; and operates the engine using that preferred signal.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and arrangement for checking the operability of a vessel. Pressure is introduced into the vessel utilizing a pressure source having operating variables which vary during operation of the pressure source. These operating variables are detected while the pressure is introduced into the vessel and a conclusion as to a presence of a leak in the vessel is drawn from the operating variables. By utilizing the operating variables, a statement as precise as possible is provided as to the presence of the leak with as little additional equipment as possible.

Abstract: A fuel injection shutdown system for a fuel injected internal combustion engine having mechanical fuel injectors with a return spring and lifter bodies slidably disposed in lifter guides comprises a slot formed in the lifter guides to receive a hydraulic cartridge and a slot in the lifter bodies which registers with the slots in the lifter guides, but are longer, the hydraulic cartridge extends into the slots in the lifter bodies, as the lifter bodies are reciprocated by an injection cam and the hydraulic cartridge does not contact the slots in the lifter bodies and the hydraulic cartridges have a stop pin slidably disposed therein and have a hydraulic duct which when filled with pressurized hydraulic fluid causes the stop pin to extend from the hydraulic cartridge contact the top of the slot in the lifter body and hold the lifter body off the cam preventing the fuel injectors from injecting fuel into the engine in two engine revolutions and stopping the engine to prevent harm to the engine.

Abstract: A fuel supply systems with two series-connected pumps and with fuel injection valves that inject fuel directly into a combustion chamber of an engine in which a starting process takes less time because of the small feed quantity of the second fuel pump. The system includes a valve device which assures that during the starting process the first fuel pump furnishes the fuel to the fuel valves at elevated feed pressure. In many cases, this elevated feed pressure suffices to start the engine in the quickest possible time. The apparatus and the method are intended for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine spark plug provides an overpressure release mechanism to avert engine component damage as a result of hydrostatic lock caused by liquids (typically water) entering the combustion chamber under operating conditions. This spark plug incorporates predictably and adjustably weakened structural zones such that, upon encountering overpressure situations, the central portion of the plug is ejected, generating sufficient flow area to expel gasses and liquids from the combustion chamber and venting the cylinder to the atmosphere. The invention is also useful in the detection and avoidance of damage under conditions of detonation.